After Five Years: Report Card on Crisis Capitalism
Monday, 09 July 2012 00:00
By Richard D Wolff, Truthout | News Analysis
After five years of crisis - with no end in sight - it's time to
evaluate what happened, why and what needs to be done. One key cause of
this crisis is the class structure of capitalist enterprises. I stress
that because most treatments miss it. By class structure, I mean
enterprises' internal organization pitting workers against corporate
boards of directors and major shareholders. Those boards seek first to
maximize corporate profits and growth. That means
maximizing the difference
between the value they get from workers' labor and the value of the
wages paid to workers. Those boards also decide how to use that
difference ("surplus value") to secure the corporation's reproduction
and growth. The major shareholders and the directors they select make
all basic corporate decisions: what, how and where to produce and how to
spend the surplus value (on executive pay hikes and bonuses,
outsourcing production, buying politicians etc.) Workers (the majority)
live with the results of decisions made by a tiny minority (shareholders
and directors). Workers are excluded from participating in those
decisions: a lesson in capitalist democracy.
US capitalism changed in the 1970s. The prior century of labor
shortages had required real wage increases every decade (to bring in
immigrant workers). In the 1970s, many capitalists installed
labor-saving computers, while others relocated production to lower-wage
countries. Demand for US laborers fell. Simultaneously, women moved
massively into wage work as did new immigrants from Latin America. The
supply of laborers in the US rose. Capitalists no longer needed to raise
real wages, so they stopped doing so. Since the 1970s, what capitalists
paid workers stayed the same. Meanwhile, computers helped labor
productivity to rise: what workers produced for capitalists to sell kept
increasing. Surplus value (and profits), therefore, soared (stock
market boom, rising financial sector etc.) while the wage portion of
national product/income fell.