Wednesday, 01 May 2013 00:00
By Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, Argo-Navis Publishing | Book Excerpt
In their insightful and pathbreaking book, "Declaration", Michael
Hardt and Antonio Negri analyze the diverse conditions of
subordination produced under global capitalism and point to the agents
of change who have raised their voices in protest globally against a
range of injustices that mark the failures of a really existing
democracy. They also explore the ways in which such protests have led to
challenging existing zones of exclusion and disposability through the
production of new social movements that are inventing a new politics and
mode of collective power that affirm and reclaim the principles,
truths, conditions, and associations necessary for a sustainable
society. Part of the book explores and critiques what they label as four
dominant forms of subjectivity that have created the context for the
current social and political crisis. At the same time, they go beyond a
language of critique and offer a declaration of principles for
constituting what they call a “new global project for the common.” The
section below draws upon two of the four figures of subjectivity that
have emerged under neoliberal regimes and are considered integral to the
forms of subordination, injustice and (mis)educative politics that
characterize the existing social and economic order. - Henry A. Giroux
The Indebted
Being in debt is becoming today the general condition of social life.
It is nearly impossible to live without incurring debts - a student
loan for school, a mortgage for the house, a loan for the car, another
for doctor bills, and so on. The social safety net has passed from a
system of it welfareit to one of it debtfare, it as loans become the
primary means to meet social needs. Your subjectivity is configured on
the foundation of debt. You survive by making debts, and you live under
the weight of your responsibility for them.
Debt controls you. It disciplines your consumption, imposing
austerity on you and often reducing you to strategies of survival, but
beyond that it even dictates your work rhythms and choices. If you
finish university in debt, you must accept the first paid position
offered in order to honor your debt. If you bought an apartment with a
mortgage, you must be sure not to lose your job or take a vacation or a
study leave from work. The effect of debt, like that of the work ethic,
is to keep your nose to the grindstone. Whereas the work ethic is born
within the subject, debt begins as an external constraint but soon worms
its way inside. Debt wields a moral power whose primary weapons are
responsibility and guilt, which can quickly become objects of obsession.
You are responsible for your debts and guilty for the difficulties they
create in your life. The indebted is an unhappy consciousness that
makes guilt a form of life. Little by little, the pleasures of activity
and creation are transformed into a nightmare for those who do not
possess the means to enjoy their lives. Life has been sold to the enemy.